Learning path
Latin Level 2: verbs and the other declensions
sum and the four conjugations in the present, imperfect and future, then the passive, the perfect tenses and the remaining declensions. Ends with the Intermediate self-test.
35 lessons, about 124 minutes in all. Take them in order.
- sum: I am, I was, I shall be 3 min
The verb "to be" in the present, imperfect and future.
- The present of amō and moneō 4 min
The first two conjugations, and how the infinitive tells you which is which.
- The imperfect: was doing 4 min
The tense sign -bā- for actions going on in the past.
- The future: will do 3 min
The tense sign -bi- for the first two conjugations.
- The dative with adjectives 3 min
"Friendly to", "pleasing to", "near to": adjectives that take the dative.
- The present of regō and audiō 4 min
The third and fourth conjugations, and the vowel that changes.
- The imperfect of regō and audiō, and verbs that take the dative 3 min
regēbam, audiēbam; and why "obey" and "believe" take the dative.
- The future of regō and audiō 3 min
regam, regēs, reget: a new tense sign, and a look-alike trap.
- capiō, and giving orders 3 min
-iō verbs of the third conjugation, and the imperative: amā! audīte!
- The passive: being done to 3 min
amor, amāris, amātur: the passive endings for the first two conjugations.
- The passive of regō, audiō and capiō; passive infinitives 3 min
regor, regeris, regitur; regī, "to be ruled".
- Synopses, and the ablative of "from" 3 min
Place from which, separation, and "by" a person with the passive.
- fuī, fueram, fuerō: the perfect tenses of sum 3 min
Principal parts, the perfect stem, and three tenses of completed action.
- The perfect active: did, have done 5 min
amāvī, monuī, rēxī, cēpī, audīvī, and when to use the perfect or the imperfect.
- Had done, will have done: pluperfect and future perfect active 3 min
amāveram, amāverō, and the perfect infinitive amāvisse.
- amātus sum: the perfect passive 4 min
The perfect passive participle, and passive perfects made with sum.
- Principal parts, prepositions, and yes-or-no questions 5 min
Four parts for every verb, which case each preposition takes, and -ne, nōnne, num.
- possum, "I can", and the infinitive 3 min
possum, potes, potest; the infinitive that completes a verb, takes a subject, or acts as a noun.
- quī, quae, quod: who, which, that 4 min
The relative pronoun, its agreement rule, and the question words quis and quid.
- rēx, rēgis: the third declension 4 min
Consonant stems, the genitive that holds the key, and the endings -is, -ī, -em, -e.
- hostis, urbs, mare: i-stems 4 min
Third-declension nouns with -ium in the genitive plural, and neuters with -ī and -ia.
- vīs and iter; gender in the third declension 4 min
Two irregular nouns, and rules of thumb for telling masculine, feminine and neuter.
- omnis, ācer, pār: third-declension adjectives 3 min
Adjectives of three, two and one ending, all with -ī in the ablative.
- manus, cornū: the fourth declension 3 min
Nouns in -us with a genitive in -ūs, and neuters in -ū.
- Rōmae, domī, Athēnīs: place and the locative 4 min
To, from and in a place, and why towns, home and the country drop the preposition.
- diēs, rēs: the fifth declension and the ablative of time 3 min
The last declension, and how Latin says "on that day" and "in summer" with no preposition.
- ego, tū, sē: personal and reflexive pronouns 4 min
I, you, we; "himself" and "themselves"; and mēcum, "with me".
- ipse, "himself", and īdem, "the same" 3 min
The intensive pronoun and the demonstrative īdem, eadem, idem.
- hic, iste, ille: this and that 4 min
Three demonstratives that point near me, near you, and over there.
- aliquis, quīdam, quisque: someone, a certain, each 3 min
The indefinite pronouns, built from quis and quī.
- clārior, clārissimus: comparing adjectives 4 min
-ior and -issimus, the -er and -lis exceptions, and quam or the ablative for "than".
- melior, optimus: irregular comparison, plūs, and "by how much" 3 min
good–better–best in Latin, plūs, and the ablative of the measure of difference.
- clārē, fortiter: adverbs and their comparison 4 min
Making adverbs from adjectives, comparing them, and the irregular bene, melius, optimē.
- ūnus, duo, trēs: numerals, "of" the whole, and "for how long" 5 min
Counting to twenty, the partitive genitive, and the accusative of extent.
- hortor, sequor: deponent verbs 3 min
Verbs with passive forms and active meanings.