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Cheat sheet

Plans and favours: cheat sheet

The summary, key terms and the trap to avoid for every lesson, in order. Print it, or read it, cover it, and say it back.

Mission: share your plans for next summer A2 · Plans and favours

  • Futur simple = infinitive (minus final -e) + -ai, -as, -a, -ons, -ez, -ont.
  • Irregular stems: ser-, aur-, ir-, fer-, pourr-, viendr-, verr-, voudr-, devr-, faudr-.
  • Near future for firm, close plans; futur simple for promises, predictions, after quand.
  • si + present … futur: S'il fait beau, nous irons à la plage.
  • On verra ! = We'll see!
futur simple
the future tense (je partirai)
ser-, aur-, ir-, fer-, pourr-, viendr-, verr-
irregular future stems
on verra
we'll see
de retour
back (home)
promis !
promise!

Watch out: Using the futur after si: wrong: S'il fera beau, nous irons…. After si (if) use the present: S'il fait beau, nous irons à la plage. (After quand, though, French does use the futur: Quand il fera beau…)

Mission: get what you need at the hotel desk A2 · Plans and favours

  • Soften requests with the conditional: je voudrais, j'aimerais, pourriez-vous, tu pourrais, je pourrais.
  • Always + infinitive after them.
  • Je pourrais avoir … ? is the everyday polite request.
  • Avoid je veux with strangers; thank with c'est gentil.
je voudrais
I would like
j'aimerais
I would like (to)
pourriez-vous … ? / tu pourrais … ?
could you …?
est-ce que je pourrais … ?
could I …?
ce serait possible de … ?
would it be possible to …?
je pourrais avoir … ?
could I have …?
c'est (très) gentil
that's (very) kind

Watch out: Using je veux in a shop or hotel: wrong: Je veux un café sounds like a demand. Use je voudrais or je pourrais avoir.

Mission: teach a friend your crêpe recipe A2 · Plans and favours

  • Imperative = present without the subject: prends, prenez, prenons.
  • -er verbs and aller drop the -s with tu: mange, va (but vas-y).
  • Irregular: sois, aie, sache.
  • Positive: pronoun after, with moi / toi: aide-moi, prends-le.
  • Negative: pronoun before: ne le prends pas.
  • Recipes and signs often use the infinitive instead.
impératif
the imperative (giving orders, instructions)
mélanger / ajouter / mettre
to mix / to add / to put
faire chauffer
to heat
petit à petit
little by little
d'un coup
all at once
Vas-y ! / Allez-y !
Go on! / Go ahead!

Watch out: Keeping the -s on -er verbs: wrong: Regardes ! → Regarde ! (Exception: before y or en, the -s comes back for sound: Vas-y ! Go on!)

Mission: plan a train trip across Europe A2 · Plans and favours

  • Countries: en (feminine), au (masculine), aux (plural); from: de, du, des.
  • Le Mexique and le Cambodge are masculine: au Mexique.
  • Cities: à (to, in), de (from).
  • en train, en avion, en voiture; à pied, à vélo.
  • Tickets: aller simple, aller-retour; quai, voie.
en / au / aux
to, in (feminine / masculine / plural country)
de / du / des
from (feminine / masculine / plural country)
à + city
to, in a city
un aller simple / un aller-retour
a single / a return ticket
le quai, la voie
the platform, the track
en train, en avion / à pied, à vélo
by train, by plane / on foot, by bike

Watch out: Using à with countries: wrong: à France, wrong: à Japon. Countries take en / au / aux; cities take à.

Mission: show a visitor your favourite places A2 · Plans and favours

  • qui + verb (qui is the subject): l'ami qui habite à Lyon.
  • que / qu' + subject + verb: le café que je préfère.
  • où for places and times: le parc où je cours, le jour où je suis arrivé(e).
  • Choose by what follows, not by person or thing.
qui
who, which, that (subject of the next verb)
que (qu')
who(m), which, that (the next verb has its own subject)
où
where; when (after a time word: le jour où)
là où
(the place) where

Watch out: Choosing by person instead of by grammar, as with English who / which. In French, qui and que are about what follows, not about people or things: le livre qui est sur la table (a thing, but qui because "est" has no subject); l'homme que j'ai vu (a person, but que because "j'ai vu" has a subject).